Students need to understand math concepts through hands on concrete learning experiences first. Tricks or shortcuts should be taught after a strong conceptual foundation is built.
Problems come in a variety of contexts. It is important to support students in developing their accuracy and confidence by building their schema and confidence. All students need access to word problems and higher-order thinking.
Knowing what strategies cultivate the best results makes you a more effective teacher. Resources have been created with research based practices in mind, helping students become more competent in their abilities.